The Justification of Morality and Why You Should Act Morally :: Morality Morals Controversial Issues Essays

The Justification of Morality and Why You Should Act Morally 1. Introduction In this paper I wish to consider the following related questions: (i) Can a system of morality be justified?; (ii) Why should one act morally?; (iii) How can others be persuaded to act morally? Clearly none of these questions is new, and moral philosophers have proposed a variety of responses to them over the centuries without reaching any general agreement. Nevertheless, because these questions are fundamental to any practical application of moral theory, it is worthwhile to continue to reflect upon them. For Jewish, Christian and Muslim societies, the justification of morality is the Word of God as expressed in the Bible and Koran. Given an authoritative text containing basic moral premises, the appropriate method for obtaining rules of conduct is a process of logical deduction from those premises to conclusions. However, if we focus our inquiry on European and American societies in the present century, the decline of belief in religious authority has undermined thi s approach to moral theory for many people. This monumental change-for morality-may be attributed to many factors. An increase in multicultural studies has emphasized the wide variety of beliefs that human beings hold, which may have led more people to doubt that any one of them is authoritative. A number of writers over the years have commented on the correspondence of specific religious beliefs with one's society of birth, again leading thoughtful individuals to question the authority of their childhood religious beliefs. As a general sociological observation, one can point to a positive correlation between increasing educational level and a diminished belief in the authority of religious texts. When thoughtful persons reject religious authority as the basis of morality, it becomes necessary to find another basis for moral beliefs. One of the few statements about contemporary moral philosophy which is unlikely to encounter opposition is that no moral theory enjoys wide acceptance. At present the most widely discussed theories of morality in the British-American literature are utilitarianism, deontology and social contract theory. The well known utilitarian approach to ethical (note 1) decision making was proposed by Jeremy Bentham in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) and elaborated by John Stuart Mill in several books, e.g., Utilitarianism (1863). In Chapter 1, Bentham defines utility as that which "tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness (all this in the present case comes to the same thing)".

Provide support to maintain and develop skills for everyday life Essay

Skills for everyday life allow people to do the things that meet their daily needs. These are also known as activities of daily living that have a direct affect on any individual’s health and well-being. It is often thought that care workers look after people by doing things for them. Another approach is to do things with people. Today care workers should work in partnership with individuals and groups of individuals. Partnership is about working together as equals in order to : -Support the individual to make as many decisions about their care as possible -Support the individual to do as much for themselves as possible. Activities of daily living – skills that directly affect an individual’s everyday health and well- being Partnership – working together as equals. Working in partnership can maintain and develop individual skills . Care workers can still involve the individual even when doing things for them. They consider individual needs when maintaining skills for everyday life. Doing things for individuals: Providing too much care can make people’s problems worse: – Individuals can lose skills they once used – Individuals do not learn new skills -Individuals do not regain skills they have lost. Read more:  Outline Agreed Ways of Working That Relate to Managing Pain and Discomfort At different stages of life individuals might have different health problems that affect their skills for everyday life.Being aware of the activities of daily living helps care workers understand the problems that individuals might have. Problems with everyday living skills: -Physical health ( Feeling unwell such as with a fever leads to tiredness and inability to carry on with the usual activities of daily living. -Learning disabilities (An individual with learning disabilities might take longer to learn new everyday skills) -Mental health (An individual with mental health problems might neglect themselves so they do not eat and drink) People may not be strong enough to dress themselves or prepare their own meals. -Physical disability (Some physical disabilities prevent individuals  going shopping unsupported) -Social isolation (An individual who is lonely is less likely to communicate with others) Care workers can develop their understanding of an individual’s condition and how best to work in partnership to maintain, regain and develop their skills.If a condition prevents an individual from using skills of everyday life, the result can have a significant impact on the person’s quality of life. The effect of conditions on everyday skills: -Pain -Inconvenience -Isolation -Humiliation -Distress -Discomfort

Elementary Examination Type Examples

David, Alyssa Marie L. EDUC05A BEEd/A34(Miss Oharrah Mae Bernardez) SCIENCE III Test I: Multiple Choice: DIRECTION: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. ) These foods are the energy-giving foods. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 2. ) These foods are the body-building foods. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 3. ) These foods are the regulating foods. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 4. ) Unhealthy foods belongs to ____________.a. Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 5. ) Chicken, egg, fish and meat are ___________. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 6. ) Fruits and vegetables group belongs to ___________. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 7. ) Which of the following foods does NOT belong to the group? a. ) Cheese Curlsc. ) Apple b. ) Bananad. ) Eggplant 8. ) Which of the following statements is TRUE?a. ) Man can live without food c. ) Food is not important to man b. Man cannot live without foodd. ) Food doesn’t give energy to man 9. ) Glow Foods makes our bones ___________. a. ) grow tallerc. ) be attentive b. ) be strongd. ) be active 10. ) Grow Foods helps young children __________. a. ) grow tallerc. ) be attentive b. ) be strongd. ) be active 11. ) Go Foods keeps us ___________. a. ) alert and activec. ) sleepy and tired b. ) grow tallerd. ) strong 12. ) Man takes food to have the needed __________ to be able to do activities. a. ) boredomc. ) attention b. ) energyd. ) friends 1

Women of Power in Ancient Egypt essays

Women of Power in Ancient Egypt essays Ancient Egypt was a mixture of military strength, religious complexity, and divine rule. Out of this blend of deified rulers and economic prosperity come two of the most influential women in history. One was to become the pharaoh in a time where women were merely domestic counterparts to active kings. The other was to become consort and partner to the unorthodox Akenhaten, during his monotheistic worship of the sun god Amen in the town of Armarna. Though both women were very prominent during their life time, each faded into obscurity after their deaths due to the Egyptians natural dislike of all things unconventional. Only to be rediscovered and romanticized by Egyptologists during the late 1800s to early 1900s. Nefertiti is commonly referred to as the beautiful one and is always seen as a partner to her husband. On the other hand, Hatchepsut, the more influential and powerful of the two, is known as the only Female Pharaoh to fully act out the part including having a queen consort a nd spends her reign trying to justify her political position. Nefertiti, born a member of Egypts elite, was married as a young girl to [Ahkenaten]... By the age of 30 she had borne at least 6 children and had transformed herself into a semi-divine being (Nefertiti 3). She was very demure in the early years of Ahkenatens reign, and was portrayed as the supporting wife and companion to Ahkenaten, as she calmly sat behind him in much of the tomb reliefs from this time period. She steadily increased in prestige to become the female compliment to Ahkenatens position as the Beautiful Child of the Disc (Nefertiti 76) and her position became closely connected as a symbol for fertility. Although she is never portrayed as pharaoh, she steadily continued to handle more important duties as the reign of Ahkenaten progressed. These included religious ceremonies (previousl...

The True Story Of A Black Youths Essays - Mark Mathabane

The True Story Of A Black Youths Essays - Mark Mathabane The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa Mark Mathabane I. Main Characters A. Johannes (Mark) MathabaneKaffir Boy revolves around Johannes for the simple reason that he is the author of this book. Growing up in Johannesburg, South Africa was especially hard for Johannes. Johannes is very smart and graduated at the top of his class during his 13 years of schooling in apartheid South Africa. Johannes has had a lot of courage and perseverance throughout his life. B. Jackson MathabaneJohannes's father came from what is now the so-called independent homeland of the Vendas in the northwestern corner of the Transvaal. Johannes's father tried desperately to support his family, but in times of dire need, he backed away and depended on alcohol and abusive behaviors. Johannes's parents met and married in Alexandra on March 21, 1960. C. MotherJohannes's mother came from Gazankulu, the tribal reserve for the Tsongas in the Northeastern Transvaal. She is a very loving and devoted woman. D. Johannes's siblingsJohannes has five sisters and one brother. His sisters names are Florah, Linah, Maria, Merriam, and Linah. George was his only brother. E. Ellen MabasoEllen was the mother of Johannes's mother. She was a humble woman who bore four children: Uncle Piet, Aunt Bush, Uncle Cheeks, and Johannes's mother. she had a statuesque figuretall, limber, and ebony colored complete with tribal attire and multiple anklets, beads, earrings and bracelets. She could easily been a chief's daughter. Her friendly, brown eyes had the radiance of pristine pearls. She was the most beautiful woman Johannes had ever seen. She worked six days a week, from seven to five, mowing lawns, raking leaves, clipping hedges, watering plants, sweeping driveways, cleaning yards and pruning trees for white people. F. Mr. BrownMr. Brown was one of the few people in the yard where the Mathabane's lived with the equivalent of a high-school education. He was a bus driver for PUTCO, but he also operated a moving service that transported people and goods between Alexandra and the tribal reserve of the Vendas. G. Mrs. SmithMrs. Smith was Granny's employer. She was a short, slender woman with silver hair and slightly drooping shoulders. Granny was the Smith's gardener. H. Clyde SmithClyde is the son of the woman who Granny works for. He is a young boy who is somewhat of a snob. As he grows, he learns to like Johannes and they become friends. I. ScaramoucheScaramouche was a self-employed painter. He was also one of the best tennis players among people of color in Johannesburg. An excellent coach, he was well connected in white and black tennis circles. He agreed to be Johannes' coach. Scaramouche turned out to not only be a great coach but a confidant and a surrogate father. He was firm and demanding but not authoritative and stifling. Instead of teaching Johannes his style of play, he let Johannes acquire his own way. J. TomIn June of 1972, Johannes met Tom. He is a lanky Zulu tennis player. He was very harmless-looking K. Wilfred HornWilfred married to Norma. He respects black people and owns a tennis ranch in Halfway House called Barretts. He was a German immigrant. L. Arthur AsheArthur Ashe was a Negro tennis player that Johannes admired very much. he condemned apartheid and did not pretend he was a white man erroneously painted black. Arthur always appeared calm, cool, and collected, even when he was surrounded in a sea of white faces. M. DavidDavid was the number two singles player on the tennis team. He was soft-spoken, politically sensitive, and a brilliant Zulu student whose love for the English language exhaled Johannes's. Johannes and David frequently exchanged books, did English homework together, read prose and poetry together, trained together, and sat on the same seat during tennis trips. David was the first close friend Johannes ever had. The only difference between David and Johannes was that David was a womanizer. N. HelmutHelmut was a short, brown-haired bespectacled white man with a barrel chest. He was always dressed in flashy clothing. He came from a small town in Germany and was working for a German company in South Africa only a few months before he met Johannes. He turned out to be a horrible tennis player, but good practice

How to Play Beach Ball Buzz, an Icebreaker Game

How to Play Beach Ball Buzz, an Icebreaker Game Have a little beach fun without leaving your classroom! The game of Beach Ball Buzz can be as exciting as you choose, depending on the questions you write on the ball. Its a perfect game to use as an ice-breaker to get to know new people and a fun way to pass the hot summer months. The questions are all up to you, so you can make them related to a specific topic or make them completely frivolous and fun. Group Size Large or small groups can play Beach Ball Buzz, which only requires a minimum of two people. Applications The game can be used as part of the process of making introductions with a new class or at a meeting, it can be used as an energizer after lunch or a long discussion, or as stress relief during test prep. Time Needed Plan for the game to last about 30 minutes. Materials Needed You’ll need a permanent marker and a large blow-up beach ball- the classic type with the colored sections that you can find at most stores, especially in the summer. Instructions Make a list of questions you’d like your participants to answer. Blow up the beach ball and write a question or two on each section of the ball. To play the game, toss the ball around the room. Whoever catches it gives their name and answers the question in the section under their left thumb. Sample Personal Questions What is the funniest movie you’ve ever seen?If you were a cartoon or comic character, who would you be?What is the worst thing you’ve ever tasted? Did you swallow it or spit it out?What one thing have you kept forever that you really should throw away?What’s your greatest pet peeve?If you were stranded on a desert island, what three things would you want to have with you?Who is your favorite person and why?If you were a superhero, what powers would you have?What was your first car and did you love it or hate it?Who is the most famous person you’ve met?Describe your fantasy vacation.If you could meet any historical figure, who would it be and why?What is your song and why?How do you celebrate your birthday?What is the most embarrassing thing you’ve ever done?If you could be any animal, which would you choose and why?What was the worst day of your life? Why?Create a slogan for your life. Sample Questions for Professional Settings Who was your favorite teacher and why?What was the most memorable thing you experienced in college?What gets you up in the morning?Share three things about you that you think no one here knows.Share something you love to do that you get to do nearly every day.Whats your most important challenge currently?How much money would you need to walk away from your job?If you could go back in time, would you have chosen a different path?What would you like to accomplish this year?What is the most important goal that you want to accomplish during your lifetime?What worries you most about work?What excites you most about work?What is your most underutilized talent?Whats the single most important word that youd like to hear from your boss?What would you like to be remembered for? Debriefing No debriefing is necessary unless the exercise is part of a lesson or the questions are related to a discussion topic in some way.

Ethical issues in the service industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical issues in the service industry - Essay Example The main problem in this article is why the airplanes from the same company are operating with less fuel in their engines. There is a fuel policy which is posing an ethical issue hence risking the life of hundreds of passengers who fly with Ryanair airplanes. Even though the Irish Aviation Authority noted that most of the aircrafts left their destinations with more than the required fuel reserves, the ethical issue remains why the pilots waited for the 30 minutes minimum landing alarm from the plan. It is argued that this poses a threat to the customer’s lives. It is also argued that all the three planes that made emergency landings made their mayday landings when their fuel was less than the final reserve (Massey, 2012). The pilots were in ethical dilemma on whether to make their landings or not but they argue that declared their emergencies according to the EU safety regulations which require emergency landings in case the fuel runs below the reserve elevel. The solution is going to be applied based on the ethical issues which require that the airline upgrades its safety standards. The airline industry is one of the industries where safety is the most crucial thing. This is because most of the accidents regarding airplane have always resulted to 100% loss of life and property worth millions of money. It will therefore raise questions why an airline would have more than its three airlines making emergency landings due to shortages of fuel in their planes. There will need to be a review of the airline fuel policy in order to ensure that the planes do not run out of fuel while in operations. There would also be the need to review the price policy for the airline industry as it may not relate to the type of quality the customers are paying for. All this is aimed at ensuring that the company is avoiding ethical issues in relation to safety of its passengers. The Spanish government was forced to make an